![]() This increase in follow up alerts might indicate that the system suffers from limited traceability in the industrialized global market, as has been reported previously. The main increase in alerts were follow up alerts representing additional testing on products that might have been placed on the market in another country. A recent report from the European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) showed that alert notifications in 2017 increased 26% compared to 2016 and reported on various outbreaks (with pathogens and mycotoxins being most prominent). Moreover, contamination and fraud often go undetected due to a lack of surveillance. Unfortunately, such equipment is often unavailable in the developing world. High-end laboratory equipment such as mass spectrometry is often used for this purpose. Thus, assays based on color change hold the strongest promise for end-user adapted smartphone diagnostics.ĭetecting, quantifying, and mitigating against contamination in the food supply chain is paramount to global food security. Inter-phone variation was significant for LFA quantification but low using pH strips (prediction errors < 10% for all six phones compared). ![]() The system was validated using various phones for quantification of major allergens (i.e., gluten in buffer, bovine milk in goat milk and goat cheese), and, pH in soil extracts with commercial pH strips and LFA. ![]() Background correction avoided measurement variation if no direct sunlight was used and functioned more efficiently outside a light-shielding box (prediction errors < 5%/35% for color/color intensity change). LAB and HSV color space channels never outperformed the best RGB channels in any test. Here, quantification performance of individual channels of RGB, HSV, and LAB color space and ΔRGB was determined for color and color intensity variation using pH strips, filter paper with dropped nanoparticles, and colored solutions. Moreover, a light-shielding box is often used to avoid variations caused by background illumination while the use of such a bulky add-on may be avoidable through image background correction. Much discussion remains regarding optimum color space for smartphone colorimetric analyses and, an in-depth comparison of color space performance is missing. However, most developed devices do not test the presence of and implications of inter-phone variation. Bottom-up, end-user based feed, and food analysis through smartphone quantification of lateral flow assays (LFA) has the potential to cause a paradigm shift in testing capabilities.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |